Smart Learning Techniques for Students | Brain-Based Study Tips

Why do students forget what they study? How can they improve memory, concentration, and deep understanding? Why do some subjects feel harder than others? And what can teachers do to make learning more effective in classrooms or online?

This blog post is based on an exclusive interview conducted by Surajit Talukdar with Barbara Oakley, Professor of Engineering at Oakland University, USA. Oakley is internationally known for her contributions to the science of learning. Her bestselling online course, “Learning How to Learn,” has helped over 3 million students and consistently ranks among Coursera’s top five most popular courses.

In the interview, she also highlighted her course, “Uncommon Sense Teaching,” designed to equip educators — including school teachers, parents, and homeschoolers — with practical tools to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes.

This blog post brings together Oakley’s most powerful insights on memory, attention, procrastination, retrieval practice, and more — giving students, teachers, and lifelong learners a clear roadmap for smarter learning.

Introduction

Students often wonder why they forget things after studying hard or why certain subjects feel harder than others. While many rely on underlining and rereading, these aren’t always effective. This guide answers key questions around learning techniques and how students, teachers, and even parents can improve educational outcomes — backed by research and neuroscience.

What are the most effective learning techniques for students?

Many students rely on methods like rereading, underlining, or highlighting study material, but research shows these are not the most effective strategies for long-term learning. The most powerful method for enhancing memory and understanding is retrieval practice.

Retrieval practice involves actively recalling information from memory rather than passively reviewing it. This process strengthens neural connections in long-term memory. Techniques like using flashcards, self-quizzing, or explaining concepts to others are excellent ways to apply retrieval practice.

👉 Top learning tip: Make retrieval practice a consistent part of your study routine to improve memory retention and academic performance.

Is exam-focused learning hurting deep understanding among Indian students?

Like in many countries, Indian education often prioritizes exam scores over deep understanding. This leads to students relying heavily on notes and specific study materials rather than mastering the subject. While this system ensures some level of learning, it may hinder deeper cognitive development and long-term retention.

Still, many Indian students thrive even within these constraints — some of the world’s top professionals were educated under India’s exam-oriented system. The key is balancing exam preparation with concept-based learning.

What’s the best way to learn efficiently?

One of the best study methods for efficient learning is avoiding multitasking and using the Pomodoro Technique. Here's how it works:

1. Eliminate distractions.

2. Set a timer for 25 minutes.

3. Focus solely on the task.

4. Take a 5-minute break after each session.

5. After 3–4 sessions, take a longer break.

This approach boosts concentration and helps consolidate knowledge into long-term memory. The Pomodoro Technique is proven to improve focus and productivity for students and professionals alike.

How can students improve memory and reduce forgetting?

To remember more and forget less, use spaced repetition with retrieval practice. Spacing your practice sessions over several days strengthens memory. You should revisit material just before you're about to forget it — this optimizes learning and memory retention.

✅ Best memory hack: Combine retrieval practice with spaced intervals for long-term success in exams and real-life applications.

Why is taking breaks helpful for learning?

When learning something new, intense focus is important. But if you hit a mental block, the best strategy is to take a break. Activities like walking, showering, or sleeping can reset your brain.

Breaks help overcome cognitive fixation and allow your brain's default mode to create fresh neural connections. These moments of rest are crucial for concept consolidation and creative problem-solving.

Can we train the brain to focus better?

Yes. Regular use of the Pomodoro Technique trains the brain to associate short bursts of focused effort with a rewarding break. Over time, your brain begins to enjoy and anticipate focus sessions.

🔁 Consistency in focused learning can rewire the brain for better concentration and efficiency.

How can tackling procrastination improve learning?

Procrastination reduces the time available for effective learning. Learning, like building muscle, takes time. Relying on last-minute cramming activates the hippocampus for short-term storage — but that information fades quickly.

To build lasting knowledge, spread learning over time. Use active recall and build neural patterns that store information in long-term memory rather than relying on short-lived memorization.

What classroom strategies can help teachers teach more effectively?

For subjects like science and math, direct instruction is highly effective. This involves:

1. Brief, focused lectures (5–15 minutes),

2. Followed by student engagement or problem-solving activities.

Combining direct instruction with active learning boosts understanding. Flipped classrooms, where students watch lectures online and practice in class, also support better learning outcomes.

Can online learning replace traditional classroom teaching?

Online learning offers convenience and flexibility and is increasingly popular post-COVID. However, face-to-face interaction with instructors remains valuable. The most effective learning environments combine high-quality online resources with real-time engagement.

💡 Hybrid learning models are the future of education — blending online content with interactive classroom experiences.

Should students use social media for educational purposes?

Platforms like YouTube offer excellent educational content — but students must be cautious. Structured platforms, like online courses from universities, offer well-curated and trustworthy materials.

⚠️ Limit passive social media consumption — it can waste time and reinforce biases. Instead, use verified platforms for productive learning.

Are there differences between boys and girls in how they learn?

Research suggests that while boys and girls have equal math abilities, girls often develop verbal skills earlier. This difference may shape their preferences and perceptions of what they’re "good at."

🔍 Key insight: Encouraging students to explore beyond their comfort zones helps break gender-based learning stereotypes. Tell students: “Don’t just follow your passion — broaden it!”

Scientific sources include:

1. Kung et al., 2016 (Psychoneuroendocrinology)

2. Whitehouse et al., 2012 (J Child Psychol Psychiatry)

3. Schaadt et al., 2015 (Brain and Language)

What qualities make a great teacher?

The best teachers:

1. Show passion and excitement for the subject.

2. Simplify complex ideas using analogies or humor.

3. Are organized and responsive.

4. Admit mistakes and continuously learn.

🌟 Great teachers make learning engaging and relatable, creating an environment where students feel inspired and supported.

Why do some students struggle with certain subjects?

Every student has unique strengths. Some may find math easier due to strong working memory, while others excel in verbal subjects. However, almost all students can master fundamentals with the right strategies and support.

🚗 Think of it this way: you don’t need to be a Formula One driver to enjoy driving — just like you don’t need to be a genius to enjoy learning.

Conclusion

Learning is a science, not just an art. Whether you're a student, teacher, or parent, understanding the cognitive foundations of learning can dramatically improve outcomes. Embrace proven techniques like retrieval practice, spaced repetition, and focused attention to unlock the brain’s full potential.